Bradford McKeown

October 12th has been declared Join Bradford's EcoChallenge Day! Send me an email to let me know if you'll be joining me in one or both of my challenges: going car-free or trash-free for the day! My personal email address is bradford{dot}mckeown[at]gmail(dot)com.

In 2010 my personal EcoChallenge was to use Bradford-powered transportation for all local trips (e.g. my bike or my feet), and to do my best to carpool for longer trips. For 2011 I plan to do the same (it was fun and surprisingly easy last time!).

Additionally, I will work to reduce my personal trash/waste to the minimum possible. This will include buying bulk food in my own reusable bags/containers whenever possible, cleaning out my closets and donating clothes to a local charity (which is long overdue), and recycling everything that can be recycled. If I get brave I may even establish a compost bucket to avoid sending uneaten food down the garbage disposal.

I've increased my fundraising goal this year, but with all of your support I'm confident that I can reach it! As with last year, I'd like to add a bonus commitment in the event that I exceed my goal: For every $50 donated beyond my $1,000 goal I will extend my personal EcoChallenge for an additional day.

Thank you for your support!

Bradford

My EcoChallenge Blog

October 12th, 2011

Had my bike's flat tire fixed at lunch time today. Had a new flat within four blocks. Went back in after my midterm and the new guy who looked at it caught immediately that there was a problem with my tire (rather than the tubes that had kept popping). So I have a new front tire on my bike, and will hopefully be able to ride it home safely this evening and skip getting flats for a while.

It's been a fun day all around. I did use three tissues today, so I guess I technically failed in my quest by neglecting to put a handkerchief in my pocket. I think my new tire had a tag on it before they put it on my bike today too. It's really hard to go truly trashless, even for a day! More power to all of you who joined me today and didn't actually generate any trash! I had some fun conversations with folks who realized how many little things they use on a daily basis that end up in the trash can (dental floss, q-tips, make-up removal wipes, clorox wipes, wrappers from the hard candy in that bowl at the office, etc.).

In the rest of my EcoChallenge I'm shooting for waste minimization rather than elimination, and it's amazing how many choices we make everyday to use something disposable or packaged or processed because it's convenient. Getting rid of waste does require some effort, and quite a bit of planning (at least up front), but it's not terribly hard once you get into the habit. I now have bottles I can take to the store to buy olive oil and balsamic vinegar in bulk, and have growlers I can take to the tap house to avoid buying my beer in bottles (OK, I'm not going to stop buying craft beer in bottles, but I do fill my growlers once in a while).

I'm carpooling to Portland tomorrow for a meeting, and will be back on my bike for the last couple days of this challenge. I'd still love to hit my fundraising goal, so if you can see your way to contributing a few dollars to the Northwest Earth Institute I (and they) would be very grateful.

Keep up the good work, and thank you for helping me stay motivated and inspired!

Bradford

October 12th, 2011

Ran an altruism experiment when I was walking in today and stuck out my thumb. I was passed by about 115 cars (including two people I knew!) before a kind woman gave me a ride into campus. I'm grateful to her for saving me about 30 minutes - I can certainly use that time to practice for my two presentations this morning!

I hope all of your days are going as swimmingly as mine,

Bradford

October 12th, 2011

Happy Join Bradford's EcoChallenge Day!!!

October 11th, 2011

Well, I've had a new hiccup. As I was leaving campus this evening my bike's front tire blew (for those counting, this makes four times). I got a ride home from a friend tonight, but in the spirit of tomorrow's official Join Bradford's EcoChallenge Day I'm going to get up extra early and walk in to campus. I'll be lugging two meals, a full suit to change in to for my presentations (shoes and all), and study materials for my afternoon mid-term, so my messenger bag will be full to the brim. Hopefully I'll be able to change my bike's tire in the afternoon so I can ride it home.

I'm looking forward to hearing your stories about your own experiences tomorrow!

Bradford

October 10th, 2011

Got very rained on this morning. You know what happened? Nothing. Had rain gear, waterproof panniers, brought a towel and dry shoes, and was happy and dry within three minutes of arriving.

I'm inspired by how many people have contributed or are participating in Join Bradford's EcoChallenge day! Thank you so much to all of you for keeping me energized and going strong! Five very full days left.

Got home tonight exhausted at the end of an incredibly busy day and rather than cook had a slice of my organic apple pie and a glass of organic fresh-hopped beer from Hopworks for dinner. Shh, don't tell my mother.

~B

October 9th, 2011

What a weekend it's been! I already have about 30 people signed up for Join Bradford's EcoChallenge Day, with folks from all corners of the country involved (literally, we have Florida, Vermont, Los Angeles and Portland involved). Here's a link to a map I built with the locations of the participants marked. I'll keep it updated as new people sign up (all it takes is an email!).

http://maps.google.com/maps/ms?msid=217291363779392139729.0004aec0f95c555b64205&msa=0

I also biked something like 50 miles over the last three days, including a successful fully-loaded trip back from the grocery store (class projects prevented me making it to the farmer's market this weekend). My new profile picture shows all the junk I managed to fit on my bike, and faithful followers may recognize that as a recreation of my profile picture from last year's challenge. Incidentally, 50 miles in three days may not seem like a lot to all you real bikers out there, but that's left me a little sore and pretty worn out this evening. It's a good sore though! And shockingly I STILL haven't had to ride in a downpour, though it's misted on me a few times. My timing has been fairly incredible.

I also, wonder of wonders, managed to bake an organic apple pie that's actually marginally edible. This comes after several attempts over the last few weeks that failed fairly spectacularly, so I'm feeling quite proud of myself. Truth be told the flour and spices weren't organic, but the apples, lemon juice, butter and eggs all were (and the apples, eggs and butter all came from within 50 miles of where I live!).

I still have quite a bit of work to do toward my fundraising goal, so if you've been procrastinating don't wait! And thank you again to everyone who's already donated, sent me messages of support and tips, or are joining me on the 12th!

And now it's time for bed for this tired old fella.

Sleepily yours,

Bradford

October 7th, 2011

Today's EcoChallenge tip comes from Scott Davis: I was puzzled how to handle composting during my challenge, as I don't really have an appropriate place to keep a compost bucket, let alone set up a full composting system. I can drop off compost on campus at school, but I'm not on campus everyday and don't really want stinky old food hanging around my kitchen. Scott's suggestion: keep my compostable materials in the freezer until I can transport them to the bins. It keeps it out of the way, and keeps it from decomposing (and smelling) until I make a run to drop it off. So I've repurposed a quart-sized yogurt container to act as my mini-compost-bucket in the freezer, which also acts as a convenient lidded transportation container which fits conveniently in my bike's panniers.

Further suggestions (or just good stories!) on composting, waste reduction, alternative transportation or any other EcoChallenge strategies are welcome!

~B

October 6th, 2011

It was a perfect morning riding in today. Nice and chilly so I wasn't too sweaty when I got to class, but not so cold that my hands were frozen when I arrived. Tomorrow I have a few fun bike transportation projects to undertake. I have a bunch of dry cleaning to drop off (not too hard) and pick up on Saturday (much more challenging). I also need to recycle some broken electronics, including a printer, alarm clock, laptop power cord/supply, and some odds and ends. Oh, and have a ton of clothes that I need to get to the Goodwill, along with a few used but not broken electronics (computer speakers, old keyboard/mouse, couple cell phones). Oh yeah, and I need to take a big heavy box full of breakable glass containers full of liquid to UPS to ship to a friend. That last one will involve MANY bungee cords, and perhaps some duct tape.

On another note, since so many of my kind supporters are scattered all over the country (and the world), I've decided it would be fun to give us a reason to come together in at least a metaphorical sense for one day during my EcoChallenge. To that end, I am inviting all of my supporters to join me in my challenge for one day. That's right, I am officially declaring Wednesday, October 12th to be Join Bradford's EcoChallenge Day! As you know my personal EcoChallenge is to use alternative transportation and to reduce my the amount of waste I generate. To join my challenge, all you have to do is pick one of these things: go the entire day without driving in a car, go one day without throwing anything away, or both!

Send me an email to let me know you'll be joining me, and if you are willing to let me include your name in my EcoChallenge blog on that day (if not I'll just add you to the total count). It's a fantastic way to show me your support regardless of whether you've chosen to contribute a financial donation.

So how many folks are going to join me? Five? Twenty? A hundred? Invite your friends, include your family and coworkers, and let's see how far we can spread this message!

Enthusiastically,

Bradford

October 5th, 2011

Today's EcoChallenge bonus: it hasn't rained on me yet! Today's EcoChallenge lesson: pack carefully when leaving the house in the morning. If you forget the textbook you need to study for your midterm, you have to ride all the way back to your place to get it.

October 4th, 2011

I had such an amazing time at the 2011 GoGreen Portland conference today! I was completely inspired to continue not only my EcoChallenge efforts, but also to refocus my efforts both personally and professionally to continue to make a positive impact on the world I live in.

Also, for a random treat, Oregon Public Broadcasting's Think Out Loud show did a nice piece on the 2011 EcoChallenge. Check out the online broadcast for a call-in from yours truly talking about my own EcoChallenge experience (recorded on the road to Portland between my marketing strategy class and the conference). I don't think I rambled TOO badly. http://www.opb.org/thinkoutloud/shows/ecochallenge-2011/

Tomorrow will involve lots of biking in the rain. Think dry thoughts for me!

Bradford

October 3rd, 2011

I'm unfortunately going to have to be a bad EcoChallenger today and make the drive up to Portland and back for a meeting. i looked for a carpool opportunity, but couldn't dig one up. On the plus side, the meeting is a planning session for the 2011 Net Impact conference, so that's helping to offset some of my guilt for making the trek. If you're not yet aware of this event, check it out at the link below. Some of the most influential leaders in CSR and sustainability will be joining us for this fantastic conference. Hope to see some of you there!

http://2011.netimpact.org/

October 2nd, 2011

My task for today is going through my drawers and closet to weed out the clothes that I've been hanging on to for far too long so I can make a trip to the Goodwill this week. Someone once told me that the rule when it comes to closet cleaning is that if you haven't worn something in the last two years, it should go. If that's true, I can easily dump half my junk. I guess I'm a bit of a pack rat when it comes to my wardrobe, so I'm doing my best to make some hard choices today. I'll get pics up of my donation boxes once I have everything all sorted out!

October 1st, 2011

I had such an excellent trip to the farmers market! I posted an unfortunately slightly out of focus picture of the bounty I brought home on my EcoChallenge Flickr account (link below). The full list is as follows: maitake mushrooms from the Rain Forest Mushroom Company; pasture raised, grass fed tenderloin steaks from LingFarm Longhorn Beef; lettuce and kale from Martinez Family Farms; evergreen blackberries and crab apples from the Rick Steffer Farm; organic whole wheat bread from the Cascade Bakery, and a new cutting board made from recovered maple from a gentleman who didn't have a name for his business. Getting the blackberries home safely was a little dicey, but I wrapped them in their cardboard boxes inside one of my little cotton 'eco-bags' and nested them carefully in one of my bike's panniers, and they made it a tiny bit bruised but otherwise unharmed. I'm drinking a smoothie made with them right now, and it's incredibly good.

This is going to be a fun challenge!

Bradford

http://www.flickr.com/photos/ecochallenge

October 1st, 2011

(Repost from September 27th, something went wrong with this one)

September 27th, 2011 Delete Amazingly, my bike has two fully-aired tires, and the new brakes I installed actually work! This is pretty key stuff, because my EcoChallenge starts in four days! I'm excited and nervous all at once. The transportation part is certainly doable with a little planning, though I do expect to get a bit wetter this year than I did the last time around. The waste reduction part is going to be much harder. I've been practicing my bulk shopping and cooking skills, but I may end up relying more on pasta and trail mix than I'd like. Either way, I'll be sure to keep you updated!

Time to charge my camera.

Bradford

October 1st, 2011

It's the first day of the EcoChallenge! It's a little chilly and supposed to rain a bit today, but I'm not going to let that stop me from riding over to the Salem Farmer's Market to stock up on some good local produce for the week. Maybe I'll see a few of you there!

Bradford

September 21st, 2011

OK, so the kind fellow at Santiam Bikes who has been helping me out helped me out again. He examined the wheel and tire more closely this time around, and then put a new tube in, got the tire back on the wheel, and aired it up. He stopped a couple times to check and ensure that everything was lined up properly, and in fact had to re-seat the bead a couple times. His diagnosis was that this particular tire just has a finicky bead (that's essentially a groove on the inner edge of the tire generally made of fine steel cable that has to be correctly seated on the wheel rim), and apparently any tiny gap where it's not seated correctly can result in a blowout. I was honestly mostly glad that it wasn't just my incompetence that made it blow the first time! Anyway, I'm going to get the wheel put back on the bike, see if I can set the brakes correctly, and will hopefully be rolling again well in advance of the EcoChallenge's official start date.

They're not problems, they're learning opportunities!

~B

September 21st, 2011

Bike situation update: I just put brand new front brakes on my bike all by myself. But now the tire that the bike shop put on for me after I messed up on my first try has gone flat. Back to Santiam Bikes I go...

~B

September 21st, 2011

Just a quick one today to tell you how proud I am of Willamette University's MBA program (where I am a student) for being ranked 23rd in this year's Beyond Grey Pinstripes rankings! This is a biannual survey that ranks full-time MBA programs based on their integration of social and environmental stewardship into their curricula and scholarly research. Even more exciting, we came in in the top 10 (7th) in terms of business impact, and 6th in the small full-time enrollments category. This makes me incredibly proud, especially given that when this last came out in 2009 Willamette didn't even make the list. Talk about progress! Well done everyone!

http://www.beyondgreypinstripes.org/rankings

Bradford

September 8th, 2011

I've been having a fun(ish) adventure with my bike (Britney) this week. She got her first flat tire (busted valve), and I decided that I would use that as an excuse to begin to learn how to take care of her on my own. To that end I picked up a new tube at Santiam Bikes (the folks who kept me going last year) and a set of tire levers and watched a few online how-to videos. When I felt comfortable enough to begin I hauled my bike over to the little workshop in my apartment complex and began taking things apart.

Issue number one arose when I realized that I needed my bike tool (kind of a Swiss Army Knife of hex wrenches) in order to detach the bike's brakes before I could get the wheel off. So I went back to my place, dug around until I found it, and wandered back over to the shop.

After successfully getting the wheel detached, I discovered issue number two: I had purchased the wrong size tube. This required a trip back to the bike shop to trade in the tube for the right one. I also picked up some rim tape, something I hadn’t realized I needed (thanks bike guy).

Upon arriving back at the workshop I detached the tire, pulled out the old tube, applied the rim tape, inserted the new tube into the tire, reattached it to the rim, and pumped the thing up. I inflated it to 75 lbs per square inch (recommended 75-100 lbs), feeling quite proud of myself, when the tube promptly popped. Suddenly feeling as deflated as my new tube, I decided that I was going to let the pros show me how to do it. So I hauled my wheel and tire back to Santiam Bikes with my head hanging a bit, and asked them to do it for me.

I was given a quick lesson in everything I did wrong by the kind staff at the shop, and not only did I walk away with a happily inflated tire mounted properly on my wheel (and a spare tube for next time), but they were kind enough not to charge me for the labor (calling it an advertising expense). I think they mostly felt a bit sorry for me, but either way I’ll take it!

Feeling a bit more optimistic I headed back to the workshop to get the wheel attached to the forks and get Britney rolling again. You might think that this would bring us near to the conclusion of this tale, but unfortunately there was one further issue to deal with. In detaching the brakes I somehow managed to lose a couple of small but critical pieces which were necessary in order to put the whole assembly back together. And so, after a trip to Home Depot to see if I could replace the missing parts (I couldn’t), I made a final trip back to the bike shop to pick up a new brake set. I’m going to attempt to get that set installed and get rolling again this afternoon, and will let you know if I’m successful.

(Note: I feel like this post may come off as me schilling for Santiam Bikes. I have no financial or personal connection to the bike shop, they’ve just been incredibly helpful to me this week.)

Also, since we're only able to post a single picture on our EcoChallenge blog, I have created a flickr account where I'm going to post pictures of my experiences. You can find it here: http://www.flickr.com/photos/ecochallenge/ There’s not much up there yet, but I’ll get some pictures uploaded shortly, and will post more throughout the challenge.

And finally, thank you to my first three contributors, Bob Levine from Birmingham, AL, Kelly Fisher from Portland, OR, and Aimee Barnes all the way from the United Arab Emirates! I'm up to two states and two countries so far this year. Who's going to be my first from California? Massachusetts? Canada?

I hope everyone enjoyed their Labor Day weekend!

Bradford

August 31st, 2011

As much as we'd all like to have our electronics automatically update their innards the way they can update most of their software, unfortunately they just can't. And while adding RAM and other such upgrades can extend the useful life of a laptop or desktop, the simple fact is that computers don't remain useful forever. If you are replacing a computer that still works with a newer model, I definitely encourage passing your old one on to a new user who may still get some use out of it (whether selling it or donating it). Printers often don't last even as long as computers before simply ceasing to function. And even that trusty clock radio that's stuck it out for all those years may eventually get snooze-smacked once too often and kick the bucket. Sometimes these can be repaired, especially if under warranty or an extended service plan (or you have one of the few remaining actual electronics repair shops near you). But the sad fact is that there is always a day when your old electronic whatever effectively becomes a plastic brick with some interesting stuff inside.

It's at this point that unnecessary tragedy often strikes in the form of these electronics just getting chucked in the dumpster and trucked off to the land fill. This is NOT an acceptable way to dispose of electronics, as there are often hazardous chemicals or metals inside that should not be introduced into your (yes, your) groundwater. Also, many of the components may take decades, centuries, or even longer to fully degrade, meaning something you bought and used for a few years is left to any number of future generations to eventually deal with. Plus, many components of what you just threw away could potentially be refurbished, repurposed, or recycled and be of use again.

Fortunately many states, counties and cities have implemented fantastic electronics recycling programs. All it takes is a little internet search to find out where you can drop off your unwanted (or busted) electronic items. Marion County, OR (where I currently live, for all you aspiring stalkers out there) has this delightful location where I can drop off my unwanted electronics: http://www.co.marion.or.us/PW/ES/disposal/skrts.htm . The website was even kind enough to remind me that they accept batteries, and I have a nice little baggie of dead batteries due for a drop off as well. And the great thing: none of this will cost me a dime!

Happy recycling,

Bradford

August 21st, 2011

I think I need to go on record about something. I have a few not-so-sustainable habits that I'm not sure I'm going to be able to entirely break. One of them is air conditioning. I was fortunate to have spent much of my summer on the Oregon Coast, so cool breezes were in abundance. However, having returned to the Willamette Valley a few days ago, I was quickly reminded just how much I loathe trying to sleep in 90+ degree weather. And so, with a moderately guilty conscience, I decided to buy a portable air conditioner.

There are fortunately a few things I could do to salve my conscience. First of all I clearly needed an EnergyStar model that wouldn't suck up too much electricity. That wasn't a huge problem, since they're fairly easy to come by these days. I also decided to see if I could dig up a used one rather than purchase it new. When it comes to, well, pretty much anything, the thing that's already been built is nearly always better for the environment (and, often, your wallet) than buying something new. And you avoid all that massive packaging waste that invariably comes with a brand new appliance!

So I of course turned to craigslist, and within a few hours became the proud owner of a perfectly functioning 9200 btu portable air conditioner. After a quick wipe down and a bug check (I'm definitely not looking to import any critters), along with cleaning the filter and condensation coils, it's now happily humming in the corner of my bedroom, pumping delightfully cool air to save me from another sweaty, sleepless night. And the bonus of saving approximately $350 certainly didn't hurt my feelings.

The EcoChallenge may not start until October, but I figure it can't hurt to start thinking about it ahead of time!

Bradford

August 19th, 2011

I decided it was time to quit procrastinating and go take care of my reusable bag and bulk food container needs today, so I headed over to the Coos Head Food Store knowing that they would be able to hook me up, and I was not wrong. I picked up three sets of three unbleached cotton bulk/produce bags (there's a small, medium, and large bag in each set), along with two 1.5 liter resealable, air-tight glass jars for storage. With the Tupperware-type containers I already have, along with my standard reusable shopping bags and a few miscellaneous produce bags, I think this should cover my waste-minimizing shopping needs for the upcoming EcoChallenge.

On that note, if anyone has any shopping/waste minimizing/food storage advice for a relative newbie, I'd certainly appreciate your input! I've long recycled everything I can, but I'm trying to explore new frontiers in this challenge. So send me your tips and I'll make sure you get credit in my next update! My email address (in an inconvenient, spam-bot-confusing format) is bradford (dot) mckeown {at} gmail [dot] com.

On a different note, I installed a coffee cup holder on Britney (my bike). It holds my travel mug just fine, but whenever I go over a bump it tends to splash coffee all over my left leg. Clearly I need to acquire a travel mug that has a closeable top.

Thank you in advance for your guidance and advice!

Bradford

August 14th, 2011

In preparation for my challenge I'm trying to find ways to get a handle on all the waste that I may not create directly, but nevertheless end up being responsible for. To that end I decided to revisit all of the companies that send me monthly bills or statements, and was pleasantly surprised to find out that over the year or so since I'd last checked a number of them had initiated new e-bill programs. In fact, I was able to discontinue receiving five paper statements a month! It's definitely worth taking the time to take a look at your accounts now and then to see if you can get that convenient (and much more environmentally friendly) e-statement instead of a paper one.

I also decided to explore my options to reduce the seemingly endless pile of junk mail that shows up in my mail box, and ended up discovering a brilliant website to help me get that mess under control. At www.dmachoice.org (DMA stands for Direct Marketing Association) you can elect to unsubscribe your name and address from all catalogs, magazine offers, and 'other mail offers' from the 3,600 direct mail marketing organizations they represent. You can of course choose to keep receiving anything to which you want to continue to subscribe. I just opted out of all three categories entirely.

They also have a link to a further site (www.optoutprescreen.com) which you can use to unsubscribe from all those "pre-approved" credit card and insurance offers! This site represents all three major credit bureaus, so you can opt out from all in one place.

I suspect this will all take a few weeks or more to fully go into effect, but I'm hopeful that it will at least help slow down the flood of unnecessary paper flowing into my mail box!

Cheers,

Bradford

August 10th, 2011

A waste reduction tip: You can use this website to opt out of receiving all of those annoying phone books that show up at your door seemingly every few weeks. You can enter your zip code, and it will show you which phone books you are currently eligible to receive (meaning which ones you're likely receiving by default). The great thing is that you can choose to opt out of one or more, but can also choose which ones you still want to receive. Recycling all those phone books is good, but not having them printed at all is ever so much better!

http://www.yellowpagesoptout.com

~B

August 10th, 2011

It's a beautiful, sunny day on the Oregon coast! Perfect for the Coos Bay Wednesday Farmer's Market, where I'll be practicing my local/sustainable food shopping and meal planning skills over lunch today. The berries in particular are so incredible this time of year. I'm thinking of buying a couple flats to freeze for breakfast smoothies and berry pancakes over the winter.

Bradford

August 4th, 2011

I'm starting to get excited for the upcoming EcoChallenge, and my planning has already begun! I have all the gear I need for the bike commuting portion of my challenge, but am a bit under-equipped for the waste reduction part. I definitely need to pick up some more reusable fruit/vegetable bags, as well as some additional containers for transporting/storing bulk food. I'll keep you all informed on my preparations as we get closer to the start of the challenge. In the meantime, remember that little changes make a big difference!

Bradford

Comments

From: Aimee Barnes

Go Bradford!

From: Catherine McKeown

Nice work Bradford!

From: Catherine McKeown

Nice work Bradford!

From: Scott Davis

Good luck, pass on any tips you learn along the way!

From: Miya Abbott

Great cause, challenging commitment!

From: Brian Jacobson

Yes, Beerford. CHALLENGE THAT ECOSYSTEM!! And then lounge against the machine: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AWnLyTxSQiY

From: victor shafor

I wanted to pledge less but I couldn't. -Czar

From: Todd Barolo

good luck sir!

From: Jaime Garamella

Good luck Bradford!

From: A.J. Jacobson

Keep up the good fight B-Ford.

From: Kelsey Pounds

Nice work Brad!

From: Marcia Chapman

I love the compost in the freezer idea. It might solve a marital conflict in our house over the compost bin!

From: April Carpenter

Bradford, you are awesome. Let me know anytime you want a biking buddy (and remember; rubber-side down).

(back to list of individuals)

My EcoChallenge(s)

Alternative Transportation

Trash Reduction

My Fundraising Goal

$1000

My Pledge Tally

$490

My Pledgers

• Bradford McKeown
• Aimee Barnes
• Robert Levine
• Kelly Fisher
• Catherine McKeown
• Scott Davis
• Miya Abbott
• Brian Jacobson
• victor shafor
• Todd Barolo
• Ashley Nowygrod
• Jaime Garamella
• A.J. Jacobson
• Kelsey Pounds
• April Carpenter